The Four Joints of the Shoulder Complex: Function and Anatomy Explained

name the four joints of the shoulder complex

The four joints of the shoulder complex are:

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The four joints of the shoulder complex are:

1. Glenohumeral joint: The glenohumeral joint is the main joint of the shoulder complex. It is a ball-and-socket joint formed between the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) and the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade). This joint allows for a wide range of movement in the shoulder, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction.

2. Scapulothoracic joint: The scapulothoracic joint is not a true joint in the traditional sense, as it does not involve bony articulations. Instead, it is a functional joint formed by the movement between the scapula and the posterior thoracic wall. This joint facilitates the movement of the scapula (shoulder blade) along the back of the ribcage, enabling the arm to move freely in different directions.

3. Acromioclavicular joint: The acromioclavicular joint is formed by the acromion process of the scapula (which extends over the shoulder) and the lateral end of the clavicle (collarbone). This joint allows for limited gliding and rotational movements and provides stability to the shoulder complex.

4. Sternoclavicular joint: The sternoclavicular joint is formed by the articulation between the medial end of the clavicle and the sternum (breastbone) at the base of the neck. It is the only bony connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton. This joint is important for transmitting forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton and provides stability to the shoulder complex during various movements.

Understanding the function and anatomy of these four joints is crucial in comprehending the complexities of shoulder movement and potential issues that may arise.

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