The Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) of Corticosteroids: GI Irritation, Hepatic and Adrenal Changes, Visual Disturbances, Gynecomastia, and Sexual Health Effects

Which drug class has the following ADRs: GI local irritation (emetic effects reduced by taking with food), hepatic and adrenal changes, visual disturbances, gynecomastia, decreased libido, oligospermia?

The drug class that has the mentioned adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the group of drugs known as corticosteroids

The drug class that has the mentioned adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is the group of drugs known as corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are a class of medications that mimic the actions of hormones produced by the adrenal glands, mainly cortisol. They are used to reduce inflammation, suppress the immune system, and treat a variety of conditions such as asthma, allergies, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders.

1. GI Local Irritation: Corticosteroids can cause irritation to the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to symptoms such as stomach pain, indigestion, and even ulcers. Taking corticosteroids with food can help reduce these effects by providing a protective barrier between the medication and the stomach lining.

2. Hepatic and Adrenal Changes: Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to changes in liver function and adrenal gland suppression. Prolonged exposure to these drugs may cause liver enzyme abnormalities and increase the risk of liver damage. Additionally, the adrenal glands, which normally produce cortisol, can become suppressed due to the introduction of exogenous corticosteroids.

3. Visual Disturbances: Visual disturbances, such as blurred vision or cataract formation, can occur with prolonged use of corticosteroids. Regular eye examinations are important for individuals on long-term corticosteroid therapy to monitor for any potential vision changes.

4. Gynecomastia: Corticosteroids can disrupt the hormonal balance in the body, leading to the development of breast tissue in males, a condition known as gynecomastia. This ADR occurs due to corticosteroids’ estrogenic activities and can cause breast enlargement, tenderness, or pain in affected individuals.

5. Decreased Libido and Oligospermia: Corticosteroids can have an impact on the sexual health of both males and females. In males, corticosteroids can decrease libido (sex drive) and lower sperm count, a condition called oligospermia. These effects are usually reversible once the medication is discontinued.

It is important to note that the occurrence and severity of these ADRs can vary depending on the dosage, duration of treatment, and individual response to corticosteroids. It is always recommended to discuss any concerns or side effects with a healthcare professional to ensure proper monitoring and management.

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