Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of functional groups between molecules
Transferase
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of functional groups between molecules are called Transferases. These enzymes facilitate the transfer of a functional group between two molecules, an acceptor molecule and a donor molecule. Transferases catalyze the transfer of numerous functional groups, including methyl, phosphate, acyl, and glycosyl groups, among others.
For example, the enzyme alanine transaminase (ALT) is a transferase that catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to alpha-ketoglutarate, which results in the formation of glutamate and pyruvate.
Another example is the enzyme hexokinase, which is a transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose, producing glucose-6-phosphate.
Transferases are important in numerous cellular processes such as metabolism, signal transduction, and protein synthesis. The regulation of transferases activity plays a vital role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and the dysregulation of transferases activity is associated with various disease states, including cancer and metabolic disorders.
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