Explain the history of health promotion
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The history of health promotion can be traced back to the early 19th century, when illness prevention and hygiene practices began to gain attention. However, it wasn’t until the mid-20th century that health promotion as a distinct field emerged.
The World Health Organization (WHO) played a key role in this emergence, going back to the 1940s, when it was founded. The WHO defined health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” This broad perspective on health led to a greater focus on preventative measures and health promotion.
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, released in 1986, was a landmark event in the development of health promotion. The Ottawa Charter defined health promotion as “the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.” It emphasized the importance of addressing the social determinants of health and empowering individuals to make healthy choices.
In the years since the Ottawa Charter, health promotion has continued to evolve, with a greater emphasis on community-based approaches and the use of technology to promote health. Today, health promotion encompasses a wide range of activities, from education and advocacy to policy change and environmental interventions, all aimed at improving health outcomes and reducing health inequities.
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