chloroplast
organelle where photosynthesis takes place.
Chloroplasts are organelles found in the cells of plants and algae where photosynthesis occurs. They have a complex structure comprising an outer membrane and an inner membrane system called thylakoids, which are arranged in stacks called grana. The thylakoids contain chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that absorb sunlight and convert it into chemical energy.
During photosynthesis, chloroplasts use water, carbon dioxide, and light energy to produce oxygen and carbohydrates such as glucose. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere while the carbohydrates are used by the plant for energy and growth.
The number of chloroplasts present in a plant cell depends on its function and the amount of sunlight it is exposed to. For example, leaves have a high number of chloroplasts due to their role in photosynthesis, while roots have very few.
Chloroplasts can also change their shape and location within a cell depending on the light conditions. They move towards the cell surface when exposed to low light and deeper within the cell when exposed to high light.
In summary, chloroplasts are important organelles in plant cells that perform the essential function of converting sunlight into energy and are critical for the survival of plant life on Earth.
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