Ribosome
Makes Proteins
Ribosomes are cell structures that function as protein factories in living organisms, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They are composed of two subunits, a large one and a small one. These subunits combine to form a functional ribosome.
The basic function of ribosomes is to translate genetic information (mRNA) into amino acids, which are then joined together to form proteins. During translation, the small ribosome subunit attaches to the mRNA while its larger counterpart binds to the tRNA carrying the first amino acid. Several amino acids are added to the chain until a stop codon is reached and the process ends.
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes may be free-floating in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. Two types of ribosomes exist in eukaryotes: the 80S and the 70S. The 80S ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and in rough endoplasmic reticulum, while the 70S ribosomes are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
In summary, the main function of ribosomes is to synthesize proteins by reading the genetic information provided by mRNA and linking amino acids.
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