Insect Succession in Forensic Science: Understanding the Four Stages and Their Role in Estimating Post-Mortem Interval (PMI)

Insect succession is defined as:

The predictable time and species profiles on human and animal remains given specific environmental conditions

Insect succession refers to the pattern of predictable changes in the species composition and abundance of insects that colonize and inhabit a decaying animal carcass. The process of succession is broadly divided into four stages: the fresh stage, the bloated stage, the active decay stage, and the advanced decay stage. During each stage, specific organisms are attracted to the carcass and colonize it, feeding on the decomposing tissues and creating a habitat that supports other organisms. These organisms may include blowflies, beetles, mites, and other insects, each of which plays a role in decomposing the carcass and breaking down its tissues. By studying insect succession on a carcass, forensic investigators can estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI), or the time since death, which can be used in criminal investigations and other settings.

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