Carbonyl group
– suffix al- Common names include * formaldehyde for methanal (R = H)* Acetyldehyde for ethanal ( R = CH3)* Propionaldehyde for propanal (R = CH3CH2)
The carbonyl group (-C=O) is a functional group present in organic compounds. It consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. This functional group is highly polar due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen atoms, making it susceptible to strong dipole-dipole interactions with other polar molecules.
The carbonyl group is found in a wide range of organic compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is found at the end of a carbon chain, while in ketones, it is found in the middle of the chain between two carbon atoms.
The carbonyl group is involved in a variety of chemical reactions. It is a common site for nucleophilic addition reactions, as the partial positive charge on the carbon atom makes it vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles. Additionally, the carbonyl group can undergo reduction reactions to form alcohols, and oxidation reactions to form carboxylic acids.
In summary, the carbonyl group is an important functional group in organic chemistry, responsible for the reactivity and characteristic properties of a broad range of organic compounds.
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