Understanding the Role of Nitrate: From Essential Nutrient to Environmental Hazard

NO3-

Nitrate

NO3- is an anion commonly known as nitrate. It is composed of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms with a charge of -1. Nitrate is an important nutrient for plants and is often used in fertilizers. However, excessive amounts of nitrate can lead to water pollution and eutrophication. Nitrate is also involved in various biochemical processes in the body, including the production of nitric oxide (NO) which is important for regulating blood vessels and blood pressure. High levels of nitrate in groundwater can be harmful to human health and may cause conditions such as methemoglobinemia or “blue baby” syndrome in infants, which is why it is regulated in drinking water.

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