phosphate and deoxyribose
The 3′ and 5′ end of DNA end in these components, respectively
Phosphate: Phosphate is a molecule that is made up of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It plays a vital role in many biological processes, including DNA and RNA synthesis, energy transfer, and bone formation. In DNA, phosphate forms the “backbone” of the helix structure and helps to stabilize the molecule by providing a negative charge that attracts positively charged ions.
Deoxyribose: Deoxyribose is a type of sugar that is found in DNA. It is a 5-carbon sugar that is similar in structure to ribose, which is found in RNA. The main difference between deoxyribose and ribose is that deoxyribose lacks an oxygen molecule on the second carbon atom. This difference gives DNA its name, deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribose plays a crucial role in the structure of DNA as it forms part of the backbone along with the phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases then attach to the deoxyribose sugar to form the “rungs” of the DNA ladder.
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