Chromosomes
threadlike structures found within the nucleus of a cell and made up of DNA
Chromosomes are thread-like structures that carry genetic information in the form of genes. They are composed of DNA molecules and associated proteins. Chromosomes can be found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, where they exist in pairs, with one chromosome inherited from each parent. The number of chromosomes varies from species to species.
Humans, for example, have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with a total of 46 chromosomes. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes that are responsible for coding various traits, such as eye color and height. Chromosomes can also vary in their size and shape. The largest chromosome in humans is chromosome 1, while the smallest is chromosome 21.
During cell division, chromosomes condense and become visible under a microscope. This process allows for accurate segregation of genetic material between daughter cells. The number and structure of chromosomes is critical for the proper development and function of an organism. Any alterations or mutations in chromosomes can result in genetic disorders or abnormalities.
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