stratum basale
the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells
The stratum basale, also called the basal cell layer or germinative layer, is the deepest layer of the epidermis, which is the outermost layer of the skin. It is composed of a single layer of cells that are attached to the basement membrane, which separates the epidermis from the dermis.
The cells of the stratum basale are mostly basal keratinocytes, which are stem cells that are constantly dividing and differentiating to produce new skin cells. These new cells then migrate upwards to the upper layers of the epidermis, where they become flattened and filled with keratin, which provides strength and waterproofing to the skin.
In addition to basal keratinocytes, the stratum basale also contains other types of cells, such as melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin that gives color to the skin, and Merkel cells, which are specialized sensory cells that are involved in touch sensation.
Overall, the stratum basale is a vital layer of the epidermis that is responsible for the constant renewal of the skin and plays an important role in protecting the body from environmental threats such as bacteria, viruses, and UV radiation.
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