Stratum Basale
the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells
The stratum basale (also called the basal cell layer or germinative layer) is the deepest layer of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin. This layer consists of a single layer of cuboidal or columnar stem cells, which divide and differentiate to form all other layers of the epidermis. The stratum basale is attached to the underlying dermis by a basement membrane and contains melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin that gives color to the skin and protects it from UV radiation. The stratum basale also contains Merkel cells, which are involved in tactile sensation, and sensory nerve endings that respond to pressure and touch. The stratum basale is constantly undergoing cell division, with new cells pushing older cells upwards towards the surface of the skin, where they eventually slough off.
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