isomers
One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural , geometric and enantiomers.
Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements of atoms. In other words, isomers have the same number of atoms of each element and the same molecular formula, but the atoms are arranged differently. There are two main types of isomers: constitutional isomers and stereoisomers.
Constitutional isomers, also known as structural isomers, have different arrangements of atoms in their structures. This means that they have different bonding patterns and connectivity between atoms. For example, butane and isobutane are constitutional isomers because they have the same molecular formula C4H10, but different structures.
On the other hand, stereoisomers have the same bonding pattern and connectivity, but differ in the way their atoms are arranged in space. Stereomers can be further divided into two categories: enantiomers and diastereomers. Enantiomers are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other, while diastereomers have different configurations at one or more stereogenic centers in the molecule.
Isomerism is an important concept in organic chemistry because it affects the physical and chemical properties of molecules. For example, two isomers with different structures may have different boiling points, melting points, and solubilities in different solvents. Isomerism also plays an important role in drug design, as different isomers of a drug molecule can have different biological effects and toxicities.
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