side chain
Another term for R-group; variable group of an amino acid that differs with each amino acid and determines the unique characteristics of a particular AA
In biochemistry and organic chemistry, a side chain refers to a structural component of a molecule that extends from the core or main part of the molecule but is not directly involved in its function or activity.
In the context of proteins, the side chain refers to the specific group of atoms that extend from the alpha carbon atom of each of the 20 amino acids. The side chain can be very simple, such as a single hydrogen atom, or quite complex, such as the ring structure found in the amino acid tryptophan. The unique chemical properties of an amino acid’s side chain give each amino acid its distinct properties and are responsible for the protein’s three-dimensional structure and function.
In pharmacology, a side chain can refer to a chemical functional group or molecule that is attached to a core drug molecule, altering its properties and activity. Side chains can affect the drug’s solubility, stability, bioavailability, and target selectivity, among other things. Altering the side chain is an important strategy in developing new drug molecules or improving existing ones.
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