Golgi body
“Quality control”, Modifies and Processes proteins and lipids made by the cell; moves materials via vesicles
The Golgi body, also known as the Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex, is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It was named after its discoverer, Camillo Golgi, an Italian biologist.
The Golgi body is responsible for the modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins and lipids that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is composed of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae and is organized into three main regions: the cis, medial, and trans regions.
When proteins and lipids are synthesized by the ER, they are transported to the cis region of the Golgi body. Once there, they are modified through processes like glycosylation, sulfation, and phosphorylation. These modifications can change the function or signaling properties of the proteins or lipids.
Next, the modified proteins and lipids move to the medial region of the Golgi body, where they may be further modified or packaged into vesicles. These vesicles then move to the trans region, where they are sorted and sent to their final destination within the cell.
The Golgi body is also involved in the formation of lysosomes, which are organelles responsible for the breakdown of cellular waste and material ingested by the cell. The Golgi body packages hydrolytic enzymes into vesicles which eventually fuse with endosomes to form lysosomes.
Overall, the Golgi body plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of eukaryotic cells by ensuring that proteins and lipids are properly modified, packaged, and sorted for their final destination within the cell.
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