Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
“Cell highway”, transports proteins; stores proteins
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is a network of flattened sacs and interconnected tubules found within eukaryotic cells. It is called “rough” because it is studded with ribosomes on its outer surface that are responsible for protein synthesis.
Functions of RER:
1. Protein synthesis: The ribosomes attached to the RER synthesize proteins that are then transported across the membrane of the RER and into its lumen for further processing.
2. Protein folding: The lumen of RER contains chaperone proteins that assist in the folding, modification, and assembly of newly synthesized proteins.
3. Protein quality control: The RER performs quality control of the newly synthesized proteins to ensure that the misfolded ones are removed and not released into the cytoplasm.
4. Lipid synthesis: The RER is also involved in the synthesis of lipids, such as phospholipids and cholesterol, which are used to build membranes.
5. Storage: RER may also store some proteins and lipids temporarily.
Overall, the RER is a critical organelle in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the synthesis, folding, quality control and storage of proteins and lipids.
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