Cell-mediated Immunity
involves primarily T lymphocytes
Cell-mediated immunity is a crucial component of the immune system which protects the body against infections and foreign substances. This type of immunity involves the activation and function of immune cells, particularly T cells, to recognize and eliminate infected or precancerous cells in the body.
During cell-mediated immunity, the immune system utilizes T cells which are activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that present specific antigens to them. The T cells, in turn, undergo clonal expansion and differentiation into effector cells such as cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), helper T cells (Th1 and Th2), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). These activated cells travel to the site of the infection or foreign substance and mount an attack against the target cells.
Cytotoxic T cells use cytotoxic molecules, such as perforin and granzymes, to directly induce cell death in infected or precancerous cells. Helper T cells secrete cytokines, which stimulate other immune cells and enhance the immune response. Regulatory T cells, on the other hand, play a crucial role in controlling the immune response by suppressing the activity of effector T cells and preventing autoimmunity.
Cell-mediated immunity is essential for protecting the body against intracellular pathogens such as viruses, fungi, and intracellular bacteria, as well as combating cancer and tissue transplantation. Disorders that affect cell-mediated immunity, such as HIV, can result in severe immune suppression and increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections.
More Answers:
Understanding the Essential Components of the Immune System: Humoral and Cell-mediated ImmunityUnderstanding T Lymphocytes: The Key Players in the Immune System Defense
Unlocking the Power of Antibodies: Essential Proteins in Immune Response and Disease Treatment