Understanding Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Benefits, Risks, and Considerations

2nd generation antipsychotics

treats the positive and negative (social withdrawal) responses of schizophrenia -research doesn’t support these being more effective than first generation

Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) are a class of medication used to treat several mental health disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. These drugs differ from first-generation antipsychotics because they have less risk of causing movement disorders like tardive dyskinesia and have more positive effects on mood and anxiety symptoms.

Examples of SGAs are Aripiprazole (Abilify), Clozapine (Clozaril), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Risperidone (Risperdal), Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Asenapine (Saphris), Lurasidone (Latuda), and Ziprasidone (Geodon). SGAs work by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, leading to a decrease in dopamine activity, which reduces hallucinations, delusions, and agitation.

Although SGAs are generally considered effective and have fewer side effects compared to first-generation antipsychotics, they are not without risks. Some of the side effects associated with SGAs include weight gain, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and increased risk of diabetes. Additionally, long-term use of SGAs may also increase the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular disorders.

As such, people taking SGAs should have regular blood tests to monitor their cholesterol, blood sugar, and weight. Pregnant women and those with a history of liver and heart disease should avoid taking SGAs, while children and elderly patients require special consideration before using these medications. It’s also important to consult a healthcare professional before starting or stopping SGAs to prevent withdrawal symptoms.

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