emphysema is restricted to the
acinus (distal to terminal bronchiole)
Emphysema is a chronic and debilitating disorder of the lungs that mainly affects the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, causing them to lose their elasticity, enlarge, merge into one another, and collapse. This ultimately results in a significant reduction in surface area for gas exchange, reduced lung function, impaired breathing, and other complications. In essence, emphysema is restricted to the alveoli of the lungs, which are the tiny structures that allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be removed from the body through exhalation. Emphysema is usually associated with long-term exposure to cigarette smoke, air pollution, genetic factors, and other environmental factors. It is a progressive disease that occurs over time and can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. It is treated with medications such as bronchodilators or inhaled glucocorticoids, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and, in severe cases, surgery.
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