trapezius
Muscle in the upper back and neck that extends the head and moves the shoulder
The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular muscle located on the upper back and neck region. It gets its name because its shape resembles a trapezoid.
Functionally, the trapezius muscle plays an important role in shoulder movement and stabilization of the spine. It is responsible for elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula (shoulder blade) and is involved in movements such as shrugging, pulling the shoulders back and down, and tilting the head to the side.
The trapezius muscle is divided into three regions: the upper, middle, and lower fibers. The upper fibers are primarily involved in elevating the scapula and rotating it during shoulder abduction, while the middle fibers are responsible for retracting the scapula. The lower fibers assist in depressing the scapula and rotating it during shoulder adduction.
Because of its important role in shoulder and spine mobility, the trapezius muscle can become tight and cause discomfort or pain in the upper back and neck. Certain stretches and exercises, such as shoulder blade squeezes and lateral raises, can help to strengthen and release tension in the trapezius muscle.
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