The Anatomy and Function of the Sclera: White Outer Layer of the Eye

sclera

the thick outer coat of the eye, normally white and opaque.

The sclera is the tough, white outer layer of the eye that provides structural support and protection for the delicate inner eye structures. It is made up of a fibrous tissue composed mainly of collagen fibers, which give it its strength, and is also rich in blood vessels and nerves. The sclera covers the majority of the eye surface, except for the front part that is covered by the transparent cornea. It also serves as an attachment site for the extraocular muscles that move the eye around in different directions. In certain medical conditions, such as jaundice, some parts of the sclera may appear yellow due to the buildup of bile pigments. The sclera can also be affected by various diseases, such as scleritis, which is an inflammation of the sclera that can cause pain and vision problems.

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