gene
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
A gene is a specific segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait or protein. Genes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity that are passed down from one generation to the next. Each gene is made up of a unique sequence of nucleotides that contains the instructions for producing a specific protein or RNA molecule. The proteins produced by genes control various functions and processes within the cells and tissues of an organism, determining its physical traits, biochemical processes, and even its behavior. Mutations in genes can lead to changes in the proteins produced, which can have a wide range of effects on the organism, from none at all to severe and even fatal. Scientists study genes and their functions to gain insights into human health and disease, and to develop new treatments and therapies based on the genetics of specific diseases.
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