Homologous chromosome
Homologous pair. Same size and shape, same genes but can contain different alleles
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs that carry the same set of genes, but may carry different alleles of those genes. These chromosomes have the same size, shape, and gene loci, and are similar in structure, although they are not identical. Homologous chromosomes are typically found in diploid organisms, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic information in a process called genetic recombination, which leads to genetic diversity in offspring. The presence of homologous chromosomes also allows for proper chromosome segregation during meiosis, which ensures that each gamete has a complete and distinct set of chromosomes. The failure of homologous chromosome segregation can lead to chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.
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