Appendicular skeleton
Outside parts
The appendicular skeleton is one of the two divisions of the human skeletal system, the other being the axial skeleton. It is comprised of all the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the pectoral girdle (shoulder) and pelvic girdle (hip).
The upper limb of the appendicular skeleton consists of the humerus (upper arm bone), radius and ulna (forearm bones), carpals (wrist bones), metacarpals (hand bones), and phalanges (finger bones). The shoulder girdle includes the clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade), which articulate with the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
The lower limb of the appendicular skeleton consists of the femur (thigh bone), patella (kneecap), tibia and fibula (leg bones), tarsals (ankle bones), metatarsals (foot bones), and phalanges (toe bones). The pelvic girdle includes the hip bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis), which articulate with the femur to form the hip joint.
The appendicular skeleton supports movement and locomotion, as well as providing attachment sites for muscles that allow us to perform activities such as walking, running, jumping, and throwing. It also protects internal organs such as the heart and lungs by providing support for the chest wall.
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