organelle that assembles proteins
ribosome
The organelle that assembles proteins in a eukaryotic cell is called the ribosome. Ribosomes are efficient molecular machines made up of RNA and proteins. They are either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Ribosomes use messenger RNA (mRNA) as a template to synthesize polypeptides. The ribosome moves along the mRNA molecule and reads the genetic code, using transfer RNA (tRNA) to bring the appropriate amino acid to the growing chain.
Ribosomes consist of two subunits, a large and a small subunit, both of which are made up of proteins and rRNA. The large subunit is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, while the small subunit scans the mRNA to locate the start codon.
Thus, ribosomes play a crucial role in translating the genetic code into functional proteins, which are essential for the survival and growth of the cell.
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