What is an isomer?
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An isomer is a molecule that has the same molecular formula as another molecule, but with a different arrangement of atoms. This means that isomers will have different physical and chemical properties even though they have the same composition of atoms.
There are different types of isomers, including structural isomers, stereoisomers, and geometrical isomers. Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the way atoms are connected. Stereoisomers, on the other hand, have the same molecular formula, but the arrangement of their atoms in space is different. Geometrical isomers are a type of stereoisomer where there is some form of restricted rotation around a bond, leading to different spatial orientations of the same molecule.
Examples of isomers include glucose and fructose, which have the same molecular formula (C6H12O6) but differ in their arrangement of atoms and properties. Another example of isomers includes cis and trans isomers of molecules like 1,2-dichloroethene, which have the same molecular formula but have different spatial orientations of their atoms in space.
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