hydroxide
OH⁻
Hydroxide, in chemistry, refers to a polyatomic ion made up of one atom of oxygen and one atom of hydrogen, denoted as OH-. Hydroxide ions play an important role in many chemical reactions, particularly acid-base reactions. In aqueous solutions, hydroxide ions are formed when a base is dissolved in water and they have a high propensity to react with hydrogen ions (H+) to form water. For example, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is dissolved in water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-):
NaOH → Na+ + OH-
In this reaction, the hydroxide ion acts as a base and it can neutralize an acid by accepting a proton from it. This is an example of an acid-base reaction because the hydroxide ion (OH-) acts as a base while the hydrogen ion (H+) acts as an acid. Hydroxide ions are also important in the formation of metal hydroxides, such as zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) from zinc ions and hydroxide ions.
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