Viruses
Small (10-400 nm) acellular entitiesConsist of DNA or RNA enclosed in a protein coat (capsid)Can infect all types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic
1. What are viruses?
Viruses are small, infectious agents that can only replicate inside the cells of other organisms. They are not capable of reproducing independently and need a host cell to reproduce.
2. What is the structure of viruses?
Viruses are made up of genetic material, which can be DNA or RNA, packaged inside a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope made up of lipids.
3. How do viruses replicate?
Viruses replicate by entering host cells and using the host’s cellular machinery to make multiple copies of themselves. The virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, which is then used to synthesize new viral proteins and genetic material. The viral proteins and genetic material are then assembled into new viruses, which exit the host cell and infect other cells.
4. What are the different types of viruses?
There are many different types of viruses, including DNA viruses, RNA viruses, retroviruses, and bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). Some common viruses that infect humans include influenza viruses, herpes viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
5. How are viruses transmitted?
Viruses can be transmitted through various means, including direct contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids (such as blood, saliva, or semen), indirect contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, or through the bite of an infected mosquito or other insect.
6. How can viruses be prevented and treated?
Prevention of viral infections can be achieved through vaccination, practicing good hygiene (such as washing hands regularly and covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing), and avoiding close contact with infected individuals. Treatment for viral infections depends on the specific virus and can include antiviral medications, immune-based therapies, and supportive care to manage symptoms. It’s important to note that antibiotics are not effective against viral infections.
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