Guard cells
cells that swell when filled with water to open the stoma
Guard cells are specialized cells found on the epidermis of the leaves of plants. They are responsible for regulating the opening and closing of stomata, which are small pores found on the surface of leaves. The opening and closing of stomata is a crucial process in the life of plants because it helps regulate the amount of water and carbon dioxide that enters and exits the leaf.
The guard cells work by changing shape in response to various environmental cues such as light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration. When the plant needs to conserve water, the guard cells will close the stomata. Conversely, when the plant needs to take in more carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, the guard cells will open the stomata.
In addition to regulating the exchange of gases, guard cells also play a role in the defense mechanisms of plants. They can detect and respond to pathogens such as bacteria and fungi by releasing reactive oxygen species which can inhibit the growth of the pathogen.
Overall, guard cells are a crucial component of plant physiology and they play a critical role in the growth and survival of plants.
More Answers:
Mastering Prophase: Critical Changes in the Cell Division ProcessExploring the Significance of Variation in Biology: Supporting Adaptation, Natural Selection, and Evolution.
Exploring the Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthesis in Mitochondria.