Anterior pituitary
Made of glandular tissue
The anterior pituitary is a gland located at the base of the brain and is responsible for producing and secreting several hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and stress response. The production and release of these hormones are controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.
The anterior pituitary produces seven hormones:
1. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol, which helps the body respond to stress.
2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.
3. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles in females and sperm production in males.
4. Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone production in males.
5. Prolactin: Stimulates milk production in lactating females.
6. Growth hormone (GH): Stimulates growth and cell division in the body.
7. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH): Stimulates the production of melanin, a pigment that gives color to the skin.
Any imbalance in the production of these hormones can lead to hormonal disorders like acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, gigantism, hypopituitarism, etc. Most of these disorders can be treated with hormone replacement therapy or surgery.
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