OsO4 adds?
loss of CO2 (i.e. decarboxylation)
OsO4 (osmium tetroxide) is known to add to double bonds and triple bonds, resulting in the formation of diols (glycols) or tetrols (tetradiols), respectively. This reaction is known as OsO4 catalyzed dihydroxylation and it proceeds via syn-addition, which means that the two hydroxyl groups are added to the same face of the double bond, leading to the formation of a cis-diol. The overall reaction can be summarized as follows:
RCH=CHR’ + OsO4 + H2O2 + H2O → RCHOHCH(OsO4)R’ + 2H2O
where R and R’ are alkyl or aryl groups.
It is important to note that OsO4 is a highly toxic and hazardous compound, and should be handled with extreme care. Additionally, alternatives to this reagent, such as the use of other oxidants like potassium permanganate or sodium hypochlorite, can be used for dihydroxylation reactions.
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