Ribosome
Makes proteins
Ribosome is a cellular organelle found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which plays a critical role in the process of protein synthesis. It is made up of several ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) and proteins and consists of two subunits. The ribosome subunits are composed of several rRNAs and proteins that work together to read messenger RNA (mRNA) and synthesize a corresponding amino acid sequence that forms a protein.
During protein synthesis, the ribosome subunits come together to form a functional ribosome that reads the mRNA and binds amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain. The ribosome reads the mRNA in three nucleotide units called codons. Each codon specifies for a particular amino acid, which is brought to the ribosome by a transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule. The ribosome then forms a peptide bond between the amino acids brought by the tRNA molecules, adding a new amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum, where they produce proteins that will remain inside the cell, or be exported out of the cell. In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are found freely floating in the cytoplasm.
In conclusion, ribosomes play a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis, and their function is essential for the growth, development, and survival of living organisms.
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