isomers
One of several organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural , geometric and enantiomers.
Isomers are molecules that have the same formula but different structural arrangements. In other words, they have the same number and types of atoms, but their atoms are arranged in different ways. Isomers can be classified into two main categories: structural isomers and stereoisomers.
Structural isomers have a different bonding arrangement between atoms. They may differ in the position of functional groups, the length of the carbon chain, or the presence of double bonds. Examples of structural isomers include butane and isobutane.
On the other hand, stereoisomers have the same bonding arrangement between atoms, but they differ in their spatial arrangement. Stereoisomers can be further classified into two subdivisions: enantiomers and diastereomers. Enantiomers are mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed, while diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images.
Some common examples of stereoisomers include glucose and fructose, which are diastereomers, and alanine and leucine, which are enantiomers. Isomerism plays an important role in organic chemistry as it affects the properties and behavior of molecules, including their reactivity and biological activity.
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