rigid bodies
point masses or particles
In physics, a rigid body is a physical object that is typically assumed to have a fixed shape and size, as well as a constant distance between any two of its parts. This means that the object does not deform or change its shape under the action of external forces.
When analyzing the motion of rigid bodies, it is often convenient to treat them as a collection of point masses that are connected by rigid rods or other stiff structures. This allows us to apply Newton’s laws of motion to the individual particles, and then use the relationships between the particles to determine the overall motion of the body.
One important concept in the study of rigid bodies is that of rotational motion. Unlike translational motion, which involves changes in position or velocity, rotational motion describes how a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis. The angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the body can be used to calculate quantities such as its angular momentum and angular kinetic energy.
In addition to their physical properties and motion, rigid bodies are also important in engineering and other practical applications. For example, mechanical systems such as gears, levers, and pulleys often rely on the rigid body assumption to function properly. Furthermore, understanding the behavior of rigid bodies can help engineers design structures and machines that are strong, stable, and efficient.
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