First line of defense
Skin
The first line of defense is the body’s innate, non-specific immune system, which includes physical barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as various cells and chemicals that help to protect against invading pathogens. The skin, for example, serves as a physical barrier to prevent pathogens from entering the body, while cells such as macrophages and neutrophils can engulf and destroy invading bacteria. Additionally, the body’s natural microbiota, or the normal population of microorganisms living on and within the body, can also help prevent pathogenic organisms from taking hold.
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