Sodium Bicarbonate: Chemistry, Uses, and Impacts on Health and Environment

Sodium Bicarbonate

NaHCO₃

Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is a chemical compound that consists of sodium ions (Na+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). It is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used as a household cleaner, a leavening agent for baking, and in medicine as an antacid to treat acid reflux and heartburn.

In medicine, sodium bicarbonate works by neutralizing excess stomach acid by reacting with hydrogen ions (H+) to form water and carbon dioxide (CO2), thereby reducing the acidity in the stomach. It is also used to treat conditions such as metabolic acidosis, a condition where the body’s pH balance is disrupted and becomes too acidic.

In addition, sodium bicarbonate has a range of other applications. For example, it is used in the food industry as a leavening agent in baked goods, in the textile industry to neutralize dye bath acids, and as an eco-friendly alternative to chemical cleaners in household applications.

However, it is important to note that while sodium bicarbonate has many beneficial uses, it can also be harmful if ingested in large quantities. Overuse can lead to electrolyte imbalances, metabolic alkalosis, and other adverse health effects. Therefore, it is essential to use sodium bicarbonate in moderation and always follow the recommended dosage guidelines.

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