Axons
Carry messages away from the cell body.
Axons are the long, slender extensions of neurons that transmit electrical signals, called action potentials, away from the cell body and towards other cells. These other cells could be other neurons, muscle cells or glands. The axon is covered in a fatty substance called myelin, which increases the speed of the electrical signals being conducted.
Axons are essential components of the nervous system and play a vital role in communication between neurons. They are typically unbranched in their distal regions and terminate at synapses, where neurotransmitters are released to signal to the next cell. The length of axons varies widely, from a few micrometers to several meters in length.
Injury to axons can cause a variety of neurological disorders, including peripheral neuropathies and multiple sclerosis. Understanding the structure and function of axons is essential for the development of therapies for these and other neurological conditions.
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