autonomic nervous system
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Controls involuntary activity of visceral muscles and internal organs and glands.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the part of the nervous system that regulates the functions of internal organs such as the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal system, and others, as well as the activity of glands. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating many involuntary responses that enable the body to maintain homeostasis and respond to changes in the environment.
The ANS is divided into two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). These branches have somewhat opposing effects on the body’s physiological processes, with the SNS generally being associated with the “fight or flight” response and the PNS with the “rest and digest” response.
When the SNS is activated, it leads to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, as well as decreased digestion and urination. This response prepares the body for a perceived threat or danger. On the other hand, when the PNS is activated, it slows heart rate and breathing, increases digestion and urination, and promotes a state of relaxation and recovery.
Overall, the ANS plays a vital role in maintaining the body’s internal equilibrium and adapting to environmental changes. Dysfunction of the ANS can lead to a variety of disorders and diseases, including hypertension, migraines, and digestive problems, among others.
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