Carbonate
CO₃²⁻
Carbonate refers to a compound that contains a carbon atom, an oxygen atom and two additional oxygen atoms that are bound to the carbon atom through a covalent bond. The most common carbonate ion is the bicarbonate ion, which has the chemical formula HCO3-. Other examples of carbonates include calcium carbonate (CaCO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), and potassium carbonate (K2CO3).
The carbonate ion has a trigonal planar shape, with the carbon atom at the center and the three oxygen atoms arranged symmetrically around it. The carbonate ion is a stable molecule and is commonly found in nature as a component of minerals such as limestone, chalk, and marble.
Carbonates have various uses in different industries. For instance, calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement, as a dietary supplement, and in the production of lime. Sodium carbonate is used in glass making, textile production, and detergent manufacturing. Potassium carbonate is used in the production of soaps, fertilizers, and as a food additive.
Carbonate ions can also react with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas, which can be used in various industrial processes such as brewing, welding, and fire extinguishing. Overall, carbonates are essential compounds that have a wide range of applications in various industries.
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