Capsid
The protein coat that surrounds and protects a virus
Capsid is the protein shell that surrounds the genetic material, either DNA or RNA, of a virus particle. It is the most important structural component of a virus and provides protection for the genetic material within. The capsid is composed of repeating units of protein molecules called capsomeres that self-assemble into a highly repetitive symmetrical structure. The shape and size of the capsid varies among different viruses, but it is always critical for the virus to maintain its structural integrity in order to successfully infect host cells. The capsid also plays an important role in recognition and attachment of the virus to host cells. Understanding the structure and function of the capsid is critical for the development of antiviral therapies and vaccines.
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