mitochondrion
What is this?
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, where cellular respiration takes place. It is often described as the “powerhouse” of the cell because it provides energy to the cell by producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy currency of the cell.
Mitochondria are composed of two membranes: an outer membrane and an inner membrane, which is folded to form cristae. These membranes are crucial for the processes that take place within mitochondria. The outer membrane forms a barrier between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytoplasm of the cell, while the inner membrane contains transporters and enzymes that drive the oxidative phosphorylation process.
The mitochondrion also has its own DNA and is capable of reproducing independently of the cell. This is known as the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that mitochondria were once free-living bacteria that were engulfed by larger cells and evolved into an organelle.
Overall, the mitochondrion is a vital organelle in eukaryotic cells, responsible for generating energy and regulating cellular metabolism. Dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to a variety of diseases, and research into mitochondria is ongoing to better understand their functions and potential clinical applications.
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