innate and adaptive immunity
The two major branches of immunity are:
The immune system is responsible for protecting the body against foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. There are two types of immunity – innate and adaptive immunity.
1. Innate immunity: This type of immunity is the first line of defense against foreign invaders and provides immediate protection. It is present at birth and does not require prior exposure to a pathogen to respond. Innate immunity includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as non-specific responses like inflammation, fever, and the production of cytokines.
2. Adaptive immunity: This type of immunity is specific and takes time to develop. It is activated when the innate immune system detects a foreign antigen and triggers a response from specialized cells like B cells and T cells. Once activated, these cells produce antibodies and target the specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity also has memory, meaning that if the same pathogen is encountered again, the immune response is quicker and stronger.
In summary, innate immunity provides immediate, non-specific protection while adaptive immunity is specific and takes time to develop, but has memory and provides long-lasting protection. Both types of immunity work together to protect our bodies from harmful pathogens.
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