Arrange the following parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological order.
DNA; proteins
1. Transcription
2. RNA processing (capping, splicing and polyadenylation)
3. Export of mRNA to the cytoplasm
4. Translation
5. Post-translational modifications
The chronological order of eukaryotic gene expression is:
1. Transcription: The first step in gene expression is the transcription of DNA to RNA, which takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
2. RNA processing: After transcription, the pre-mRNA undergoes RNA processing, which includes capping, splicing, and polyadenylation.
3. Export of mRNA to the cytoplasm: Once RNA processing is complete, the mature mRNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is translated into protein.
4. Translation: The mRNA is translated by ribosomes, which assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain to form a protein.
5. Post-translational modifications: Finally, the newly synthesized protein undergoes post-translational modifications such as folding, cleavage, phosphorylation, glycosylation, or addition of other chemical modifications to become fully functional.
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