Alkanes
– First four alkanes are methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), Propane (C3H8), and Butane (C4H10)- single Bonded
Alkanes are hydrocarbons that consist of only single bonds between carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are characterized by having a homologous series, which indicates a regular increase in the number of carbon atoms in their structures.
Some properties of alkanes include:
– Non-polar: Alkanes are non-polar due to the equal distribution of electrons around the carbon atoms, making them chemically inert in many reactions.
– Boiling and melting points: The boiling and melting points of alkanes increase with the size of their molecules. This is due to the increased London dispersion forces between molecules as the size of the molecule increases.
– Solubility: Alkanes are generally insoluble in polar solvents but are soluble in non-polar solvents. This is due to their non-polar nature.
– Combustion: Alkanes have a high heat of combustion, making them an important source of energy.
The uses of alkanes include:
– Fuel: Alkanes are used as fuels for heating, cooking, and transportation.
– Chemical feedstocks: Alkanes are used as starting materials for the production of a variety of chemicals, including plastics, solvents, and pharmaceuticals.
– Lubricants: Some alkanes are used as lubricants due to their low reactivity and ability to reduce friction.
Overall, alkanes play a crucial role in modern society and industry due to their various uses and properties.
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