what are the DSM diagnoses for pediatric bipolar disorder?
-bipolar 1-bipolar 2-cyclothymia
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder in children and adolescents include:
1. Bipolar I Disorder: To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, a child or adolescent must have experienced at least one manic or mixed episode. A manic episode is characterized by an abnormally elevated or irritable mood, increased energy and activity levels, reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and a reduced need for sleep. A mixed episode includes both manic and depressive symptoms.
2. Bipolar II Disorder: This diagnosis requires the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania that lasts at least four consecutive days and includes symptoms such as increased energy and activity levels, decreased need for sleep, and racing thoughts.
3. Cyclothymic Disorder: A child or adolescent with cyclothymic disorder experiences numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive or manic episode.
It’s important to note that pediatric bipolar disorder can be difficult to diagnose, and other diagnoses such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) may share some symptoms with bipolar disorder. It’s crucial for a qualified mental health professional to assess the child or adolescent and make an accurate diagnosis.
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