effortful processing
encoding that requires attention conscious effort
Effortful processing refers to a type of mental process that requires conscious attention, focus, and concentration to retrieve, encode, and store information into long-term memory. It involves deliberate mental effort to learn something new or to remember something that is difficult or unfamiliar. Unlike automatic processing, which occurs unconsciously and effortlessly, effortful processing demands sustained mental effort and attention to attend to and process the information effectively.
Examples of effortful processing include learning a foreign language, memorizing a list of definitions, solving complex mathematical problems, reading comprehension, and studying for an exam. Techniques such as rehearsal, elaboration, mnemonic devices, and chunking can be used to facilitate effortful processing and enhance memory retention. Additionally, sleep, proper nutrition, physical exercise, and stress management can also improve the brain’s ability to engage in effortful processing.
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