Demographic Transition Model
A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time.
The Demographic Transition Model is a framework that explains the changes in population growth trends that occur in societies during the process of modernization. This model divides the process of demographic transition into a series of stages that are based on changes in birth and death rates.
There are 4 stages of the Demographic Transition Model:
Stage 1: Pre-Industrial Stage
In this stage, both birth rates and death rates are high, resulting in a low population growth rate. With limited technological advancements and access to medical resources, infant mortality rate is high and, therefore, parents tend to have more children to increase the probability of some of them surviving to adulthood.
Stage 2: Early Industrial Stage
This stage is characterized by a period of rapid population growth. While the death rate remains high, the birth rate increases even further, followed by improved healthcare facilities, increase of food supply and decrease in mortality rate leading to an explosive population growth.
Stage 3: Late Industrial Stage
In this stage, the economy becomes more industrialized and developed, and both the birth rate and death rate decrease. The decrease in the birth rate is primarily due to improvements in contraception and family planning, whereas increased job opportunities in cities lead to decreased mortality rates and urbanization.
Stage 4: Post-Industrial Stage
In this final stage, both the birth and death rates are very low, with the possibility of a decline in population growth. Birth rates decrease as more people obtain higher levels of education and family planning is more accessible. The population remains stable or decreases due to a decrease in the number of parents choosing to have children and an increase in life expectancy.
In conclusion, the Demographic Transition Model is an important tool for understanding the changes in population growth patterns that occur over time and can provide insights on the effects of industrialization and urbanization on the dynamics of large populations.
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