Be able to identify and describe the Big Five Factors.
“The Big Five personality factors—openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN)—currently offer our best approximation of the basic trait dimensions. These factors are generally stable and describe people in various cultures reasonably well. Many genes, each having small effects, combine to influence our traits.”
The Big Five Factors, also known as the Five-Factor Model or the Five-Factor Personality Traits, are five different dimensions of personality that are used by psychologists to describe an individual’s personality. The Big Five Factors are:
1. Openness: This dimension refers to a person’s willingness to experience new things, their creativity, and their imagination. People who score high on this factor tend to be curious, adventurous, and open-minded.
2. Conscientiousness: This dimension refers to a person’s level of responsibility, organization, and dependability. People who score high on this factor tend to be responsible, reliable, and disciplined.
3. Extraversion: This dimension refers to a person’s level of sociability and outgoingness. People who score high on this factor tend to be talkative, energetic, and assertive.
4. Agreeableness: This dimension refers to a person’s level of compassion, empathy, and kindness. People who score high on this factor tend to be cooperative, helpful, and trusting.
5. Neuroticism: This dimension refers to a person’s level of emotional instability and negative affectivity. People who score high on this factor tend to be anxious, moody, and easily stressed.
These five factors are considered to be universal and stable across different cultures and age groups. They can be assessed through personality tests such as the NEO Personality Inventory and have been used to predict various behavioral outcomes and life outcomes such as job performance, academic achievement, and life satisfaction.
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