epigenetic effect
effect that leaves chemical marks on DNA that switches genes abnormally on and off
Epigenetic effects refer to modifications in gene expression or function that are not related to changes in the underlying DNA sequence of a gene. These modifications can occur in response to environmental factors such as diet, stress, or exposure to toxins, and can persist throughout an individual’s lifetime.
There are several different mechanisms by which epigenetic modifications can occur. One common mechanism is DNA methylation, in which a methyl group is added to the cytosine base of a DNA molecule. This modification can cause the associated gene to be silenced or to have reduced activity.
Another common mechanism of epigenetic modification is histone modification. Histones are proteins that bind to DNA and help to regulate its accessibility to the cellular machinery that transcribes genes. By modifying histones, cells can either increase or decrease the activity of particular genes.
Epigenetic effects can have important consequences for health and disease. For example, certain epigenetic changes have been linked to an increased risk of cancer, while others have been associated with developmental disorders such as autism. In some cases, epigenetic modifications can be reversed or prevented using interventions such as changes in diet or lifestyle.
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